| Cloaking Device Creates Nanoscale
Invisibility |
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Cornell researchers have developed a device that can make it seem that a bump in a carpet -- or any flat surface -- isn't there. So far the illusion works only at the nanoscale, but the researchers suggest that the basic principle might eventually be scaled up for military and communications applications, or perhaps used in reverse to concentrate solar energy.
A similar device that works at one particular wavelength of infrared light has been reported by University of California-Berkeley researchers, but the Cornell device is expected to work over a range of wavelengths from infrared into visible red light, the researchers said. On a silicon wafer, Lipson's group made a tiny reflector about 30 microns (millionths of a meter) long with a 5-micron-wide bump in the middle, then placed an array of vertical silicon posts, each 50 nanometers (billionths of a meter) in diameter, in front of it. Because the posts are much smaller than the wavelength of the light, the light behaves as if it were passing through a solid whose density varies with the density of the posts. As light passes between regions of high and low density it is refracted, or bent, in the same way light is refracted as it passes from air to glass. By designing smooth transitions of the density of posts, the researchers could control the path of the light to compensate for the distortion caused by the bump. As a result, an observer looking at light reflected from the mirror sees a flat mirror, with no sign of the bump.
A variation of the method might be used to bend light around an object, the researchers suggested, and a light-bending device could be made much larger by using technology that stamps or molds nanoscale patterns onto a surface. Such refraction control might also be used in reverse, they added, to concentrate light in a small area to efficiently collect solar energy. "At the core is the fact that we're manipulating light, telling it where to go and how to behave," said Carl Poitras, a research associate on the Cornell team.. Source: Source; Bill Steele, Cornell University |
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